History of computer from abacus to present pdf

We are breathing in the computer age and gradually computer has become such a desire necessity of life that it is difficult to imagine life without it. The device was made of wood with metal reinforcements. Computer hardware about memory and information about engineering. The first written information about the abacus, survived to the present, is from the greek historian herodotus 480425 b. Read on to learn more about the history of computers or take a look at our article on how computers work. The history of computers dates back to the invention of a mechanical adding machine in 1642. The abacus plural abaci or abacuses, also called a counting frame, is a calculating tool that was in use in the ancient near east, europe, china, and russia, centuries before the adoption of the written hinduarabic numeral system. So, in brief, it is any device which helps the human kind in solving different types of computations. I haue read the truest computer of times, and the best arithmetician that euer breathed, and he reduceth thy dayes into a short number is the line taken from that book which. Sep 07, 2010 a very brief history of computers takes you from abacus to charles babbages, on to herman hollerith, to apple, ibm, bill gates and tim berners lee. Computer systems, early computers, electronic computers, generations of electronic.

The following brief history of computing is a timeline of how computers evolved from their humble beginnings to the machines of today. Computers, on the other hand, perform calculations automatically by following a series of builtin commands called software. Pdf history motivations and core themes of ai stan. The ancient abacus was perhaps the first digital computing device. An illustrated history of computers computer science lab. The oldest abacus, survived to the present day, is so called salamis abacus see the nearby figure. Frank mccown harding university computer science dept photos were obtained from the web, and is held by the respective owners. Essentially the abacus is the first attempt at this idea which eventually led to the currently commonly used graphing calculator. But ultimately the logical structure of the modern computer comes from him even if one essential feature of present day computers is absent from the design. On each rod, the classic chinese abacus has 2 beads on the upper deck and 5 on the lower deck. A brief history of the computer with timeline up to 2015. A computer might be described with deceptive simplicity as an apparatus that performs routine calculations automatically. Underlying this development is a concept unique to our human species, one so persistent in human behavior that it seems embedded in our genetic. The abacus in the form we are most familiar with was first used in china in around 500 b.

It can perform any kind of work involving arithmetic and logical operations on deta,process it as per the instruction or input given and give the. The tools or mechanical tool used to help in calculation are called calculators while the machine operator that help in calculations is called computer. Apr 19, 2018 pdf history motivations and core themes of ai stan. The earliest counting boards possibly used as early as 3000 bc. For a good account of his contributions, see pdf konrad zuses. History of computers a brief timeline of their evolution. These ideas continued and continue the invention and advancement of the computer. While it predates the chinese abacus we do not know if it was the ancestor of that abacus. They continue the computers integration and interaction with human history, culture and our educational systems. This offers the student or casual browser an overview of the advances in science that made desktop computers possible starting with the invention of counting. It was named after the greek island of salamis, in the.

Such a definition would owe its deceptiveness to a naive and narrow view of calculation as a strictly mathematical process. The ancient romans developed an abacus, the first machine for calculating. Abacus, an early computing tool, the invention of logarithm by john napier and the invention of slide rules by william oughtred were significant events in the evolution. Mar 18, 2017 download history of computers ppt and pdf. In fact, calculation underlies many activities that are not normally thought of as mathematical. Abacus is usually related to china, although being used in different forms. Before we could arrive at the present day computers, it has undergone stages of. Significance to the history of computers the abacus was significant to the history of computers because its invention shows that people were trying to develop a way of simplifying computations. The difference between an ancient abacus and a modern computer seems vast, but the principlemaking repeated calculations more quickly than the human brainis exactly the same. History of computers abacus an abacus is a mechanical device used to aid an individual in performing mathematical calculations. Computer has become an indispensable and multipurpose tool. Pdf on oct 21, 2019, ishaq zakari and others published history of. The abacus, called suanpan in chinese, as it appears today, was first chronicled circa 1200 c. The computer is undoubtedly among mankinds most important inventions.

An abacus is a mechanical device used to aid an individual in performing mathematical calculations. Every computer supports some form of input, processing, and output. Although computers are typically viewed as a modern invention involving electronics, computing predates the use of electrical devices. The first and only lecture in the series is about the history of computing from the past to the present. The following brief history of computing is a timeline of how computers evolved from their humble beginnings to the machines of today that surf the internet, play games and stream multimedia in. Computers timeline of computer history computer history. Abacus is a latin word that has its origins in the greek words abax or abakon meaning table or tablet which in turn, possibly originated from the semitic word abq, meaning sand. Computer history museum the pentium is the fifth generation of the x86 line of microprocessors from intel, the basis for the ibm pc and its clones. The salamis tablet, roman calculi, and handabacus, much like todays abacus. Computer introduction and generations of computers. The abacus the first automatic computer is the earliest known tool of computing. History and evolution of computers the word computer was first used in a book named as the young mans gleanings written by english writer richard braithwait. The maya develop base20 system of mathematics, which introduce zero.

It was originally invented to do speedy and accurate calculations, it can be used for other purposes too. Abacus, an early computing tool, the invention of logarithm by john napier and the invention of slide rules by william oughtred were significant events in the evolution of computers from these early computing devices. The abacus was in use centuries before the adoption of the written modern numeral system and is still widely used by merchants, traders and clerks in asia, africa, and elsewhere. Download history of computers ppt and pdf study mafia. Read on to learn more about the history of computersor take a look at our article on how computers work. It cant do many of the computations that a modern electronic calculator can do, but it in the right hands it can make calculating large sums as easy as. Artificial intelligence in healthcare past present and. Short history of computing by frank mccown is licensed under a creative commons attributionnoncommercial 3.

Counters in the lower groove are 1 x 10 n, those in the upper groove are 5 x 10 n. The history of computer is considered with the generations of a comput er from first generation to fifth generatio n. The era of mechanical computation with the need to deal with higher and higher figures, a more sophisticated counting machine became necessary, but little progress was made beyond the abacus until the beginning of the seventeenth century, whose great. Others are looking on and wondering, how these articles are related to history of computers. It was thought to have been invented in babylon, circa 2400. Computer is a programmable machine which skillfully operates the data depending on the instructions. The abacus is one of many types of counting devices which are used to count large numbers. Abacus can be made of different materials, and regular structure of it. The history of computer science began long before our modern discipline of computer science, usually appearing in forms like mathematics or physics. History of computers from the abacus to the iphone.

The salamis tablet, roman calculi, and hand abacus, much like todays abacus. This pdf is a wonderful way to do a formal assessment of students knowledge of the history of computers. Various devices that have been used for computations in the past. Jyoti and tejas have brought things like abacus, some pictures of old computers, a handmade slide rule, a cloth with nice designs, some notes written on sheets of paper. An easytounderstand history of computers, from the abacus to the internet and iphone. Lady ada lovelace, daughter of lord byron, became involved in the development of the analytical engine. Earliest archaeological evidence of a greek abacus. Computer information,news,parts of computer and software. A system is a group of computer components that work together as a unit to perform a common objective. History of the computer in a table linkedin slideshare. Mar 21, 2020 the difference between an ancient abacus and a modern computer seems vast, but the principlemaking repeated calculations more quickly than the human brainis exactly the same. The history of computer hardware covers the developments from simple devices to aid calculation, to mechanical calculators, punched card data processing and on to modern stored program computers. Essay about the history of computers 16 words bartleby.

Developments in previous centuries alluded to the discipline that we now know as computer science. The abacus, an ancient chinese adding machine, is one of the original computing machines, used as early as 400 b. Computer is a machine which can perform many tasks. The history of computers the word computer formerly was reserved for a person who performed computations andor calculations. The pentium introduced several advances that made programs run faster such as the ability to execute several instructions at the same time and support for graphics and music.

In fact, the oldest surviving abacus was used in 300 b. A very brief history of computers takes you from abacus to charles babbages, on to herman hollerith, to apple, ibm, bill gates and tim berners lee. This is less obvious on a primitive device such as the abacus where input, output and processing are simply the act of moving the pebbles into new positions, seeing the changed positions, and counting. At brain o magic we use the japanese abacus with one bead at the top having a value of 5 and 4 units beads at the bottom, each having a value of 1. For centuries people used the abacus also called as counting frame is a bamboo frame with beads moving on threads for calculations. All the information about the computer and all the parts of the computer. A computer is an electronic machine that accepts information, stores it, processes it according to the instructions provided by a user and then returns the result. The meaning of the word remained unchanged until almost the end of the 19th. Maya indians have used abacus with columns and 7 rows, magic numbers in their religion and philosophy. Major milestones in development of modern day computers development of internet, browser and other internet based applications, games and linux.

In 19th century english mathematics professor name charles babbage. The device was made around 1670 by the instrument maker robert jole in london. The first computers did not have electrical circuits, monitors or memory. Computers and electronics play an enormous role in todays society, impacting everything from communication and medicine to science. Napiers bones complete history of napiers bones rods. Brief history of artificial intelligence pdf global history. Essentially the abacus is the first attempt at this idea which eventually led. Downloadpdf pdf the computer book from the abacus to. In 1667 sir charles cotterell 16151701, an english courtier and translator, devised a calculating instrument with napiers rods see arithmetical compendium of cotterell, which included a wireandbead abacus for adding the partial products. This test contains the evolution of the computer from the abacus to present day and questions come directly from the history of computers powerpoint in our store. For most of the people, computer is a machine used for a calculation or a computation, but actually it is much more than that. A churchman by the name of gerbert daurillac, who later becomes pope sylvester ii, introduces the.